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Joan Fitzgerald, Countess of Ormond
Joan Fitzgerald, Countess of Ormond, Countess of Desmond (ca. 1509 or ca. 1514 – 2 January 1565) was a Norman-Irish noblewoman and heiress, a member of the Fitzgerald family, who were also known as the "Geraldines". She married three times. Her first husband was James Butler, 9th Earl of Ormond, who had been proposed as a bridegroom for Anne Boleyn in 1522 to settle a dispute over the title and estates of the Earldom of Ormond.〔Antonia Fraser, ''The Wives of Henry VIII'', pp.121–124〕 Her second husband was courtier Sir Francis Bryan. Her third marriage to Gerald FitzGerald, 15th Earl of Desmond brought peace to Ireland for a few years until he broke his truce with her eldest son Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormond and warfare broke out between the rival Butler and Fitzgerald clans, who had been hereditary enemies for many generations.
Joan carried on an amicable correspondence with Queen Elizabeth I of England〔Kathy Lynn Emerson, ''A Who's Who of Tudor Women'' retrieved 13 January 2010〕 who recognised Joan's skill in diplomacy, and relied upon her to restore and keep the precarious peace in Munster.〔Karen Ann Holland, ''Joan Desmond, Ormond and Ossory: The World of a Countess in Sixteenth-Century Ireland'', Providence College, 1 January 1996, retrieved on 14-01-10〕
==Family==
Lady Joan was born in Desmond Castle, Kinsale, County Cork, Ireland in about 1509〔Emerson〕 or 1514,〔Holland〕 the daughter and heiress-general of James Fitzgerald, 10th Earl of Desmond and Amy O'Brien. She had a younger sister, Lady Honora Fitzgerald (died 1577), who later married Pierce Butler.
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